Before and After Cloud Computing in DPG Group of Companies

When Cloud Computing in DPG Group of Companies About the organization DPR Group, Inc., a full-administration advertising, promoting and interchanges office, was stuck in an innovation groove that obstructed efficiency and restricted their development. DPG bunch broke liberated from the break-fix model of oversaw administrations and jumped ahead with distributed computing. DPR Group with a dream to open little satellite workplaces in innovation center points all through the eastern United States. At the hour of my innovation challenge, DPG had extended to two workplaces for almost 15 representatives with their central station in Germantown, Maryland, and a second office in Cary, North Carolina. Notwithstanding, giving master advertising and showcasing administrations to innovative organizations requires a solid innovation framework to viably impart withâ customers. Without an on location IT asset, one of their deterrents to development was figuring out how to keep allâ in-house innovation running easily. For a long time worked with an oversaw administrations supplier to help keep up their PCs, a Dell PowerEdge Server, and interior systems in both of DPG workplaces. In spite of the fact that the CEO ofâ oversaw administrations supplier talked expressively about their companys precaution way to deal with PC support, they really invested unquestionably more energy attempting to fix things after they broke. What were the issues before moving to cloud Before movingâ cloud numberâ of issues that provoked their capacity to keep up the significant level customer administration that they offer. Vacation, inactivity, unwavering quality, and openness were only a couple reoccurring issues. For example,â oversaw administrations supplier would regularly run programming reports on Sunday evenings and, because of similarity issues with the updates and an absence of testing, the server would frequently crash on Monday mornings. This leftâ staff scrambling to work from back-up documents, while the oversaw administrations supplier endeavored to fix the issue. Likewise, when working remotely, their staff utilized Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) with serious idleness and availability gives that made deferrals and required extra time total fundamental undertakings, for example, reconnection, document transfers, or even basically composing an email. Their oversaw administrations supplier likewise encountered a ton of work force turnover. Each time another person began taking a shot at DPG account, they need to re-clarify everything about the issue they were having, yet in addition how our whole framework was set up on the grounds that the new master staff was inexperienced with their framework. Not out of the blue, DPG got day by day grievances from my staff about how innovation issues were making it hard for everybody to carry out their responsibility viably. In the wake of examining explicit difficulties with each of thier staff individuals, DPG determined that each representative was losing from seven to nine days of efficiency for each year because of time spent trusting that a tech will fix the issues. What were the advantages of moving to cloud First they startedâ look for another seller by conversing with various oversaw administrations suppliers that all vowed to improve employment of maintainingâ PCs and systems. All the more critically, they began hearing the term distributed computing, and discovered that it could smooth out a great deal of procedures and fundamentally improve DPG profitability. In spite of the fact that cloud may be a superior model for them, DPG likewise would require a nearby IT asset to keep up the fundamental equipment in our two distinct workplaces. In the wake of investigating recommendations from various suppliers inside the Washington, D.C., metro territory, DPG chose Virgina-based Cetrom Information Technology to take them to the cloud. This distributed computing specialist organization stood apart from the rest for a couple of essential reasons. In the first place, Cetrom offered a really facilitated cloud model. Other cloud suppliers would have information on the cloud, yet introduce applications locally. It was either that, or they would need to utilize constrained usefulness, programming as-an administration (SaaS) forms of their standard programming. Cetrom, be that as it may, facilitated the full, conventional variants of our product in the cloud and flawlessly reflected a neighborhood situation. The Cetrom Hybrid places a little server on location in DPG central station that repeats the information to and from the cloud progressively. previouslyâ they used to having allâ IT inside the workplace. Likewise, Cetroms senior-level architects truly set aside the effort to comprehend DPG business objectives and procedures during turn out. From that point, they designedâ cloud answer for DPG-with solid business congruity and calamity recuperation plans, and simple access to key applications-around all business, rather than causing them to adjust to an inflexible, out-of-the-case arrangement. To keep away from lost efficiency hours, Cetroms engineers relocated DPG applications and information throughout the end of the week .Working in the cloud gives various advantages. The essential advantage is the whenever, anyplace access to all the documents and applications, with just an Internet association. The capacity to set authorizations by clients is likewise amazingly advantageous as it guarantees just approved work force approach documents, for example, financials. Cetrom not just keeps up its hardware and guarantees the security of every one of its customers information, the organization additionally continually surveys the applications and administrations it gives customers to guarantee they are the best accessible. Since moving to the Cetrom cloud, the organization has changed spam channels for the email a couple of times, and each time they seen an improvement. The current form presently gets about 99.5 percent of all approaching spam messages a colossal improvement over our past supplier. Maybe the most significant advantage of everything is framework unwavering quality. Cetrom has a reputation of zero vacation since its establishing about 15 years prior. This one angle returned almost 10 hours of efficiency back to DPG staff-equivalent to $50,000 every year so they can concentrate on serving DPG customers. The cost reserve funds from operational costs in North Carolina-more than $70,000 every year permitted them to move fromâ Germantown, Maryland, area to a bigger, more pleasant office in Frederick, Maryland, with twofold the limit with respect to staff. Relocating to the cloud with Cetrom was a standout amongst other business choices DPG ever constructed. They have not had any personal time since DPG began with Cetrom, DPG information is accessible whenever, and they dont get grievances from the staff about innovation issues any longer.

Management System of Thuotech Soft Solution †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Management System of Thuotech Soft Solution. Answer: Presentation The executives data framework is a modernized framework that stores given data with the end goal of recovery and sharing over the association (INC, 2014). This report gives the answer for the characterized issue and a portion of the advantages the arrangement will have whenever embraced by the association. This arrangement is seen in online business and m-trade point of view and how it tends to be incorporated into business in this association. An exhaustive investigation on the difficulties and how to alleviate them is clarified. At last, this report gives an unmistakable suggestions and ends on the proposed arrangement. Thuotech Soft Solution is one of the restricted organization arranged at Sydney. This organization was set up in the year 2016 and it manages giving equipment accomplices to different little scope firms inside the city. A portion of the items the organization gives incorporate PC extras, for example, screens, Hard plates, telephones, memory card among different frill. In spite of the fact that the organization is still little, its business appears to flourish successfully. Issue Description Having worked at Thuotech Soft Solution, I understood they had an issue in showcasing their items and dealing with their stock and reports. This was because of absence of conveying every one of their exercises physically, including taking stock worth, announcing and handling deals orders. This issue influenced the organization to a great extent on request handling which took long, entering their market effectively and having clear reports. These made administrations at this organization less effective, tedious and all the more expensive. Proposed Solutions To take care of this issue at Thuotech, a legitimate data the board framework which comprise of a stock framework and a front end application that shows the companys item and empower clients to make request at their solace would be proper for them. The framework will likewise permit installment of merchandise utilizing on the web channels, for example, paypal and versatile cash. Prologue to E-trade and M-business Web based business can be characterized as online business exercises. These exercises incorporate internet shopping, request handling and installment preparing (Chahar, 2013). Web based business results to different advancements which incorporate m-trade, internet banking, gracefully chain the board, web based advertising, business exchange preparing, data move, stock frameworks among others. Then again M-trade alludes to utilization of handheld gadgets, for example, cell phones to direct business exercises (N, 2012). Along these lines, if Thuotech embraces an E-trade framework they will have the option to direct their business exercises on the web and this will support their advertising and deals records. Association business benefits in utilizing online business and m-trade Online business and M-trade frameworks accompany such huge numbers of advantages in the business condition. A portion of these advantages include: Decrease of desk work in con ducting business exercises, for example, request preparing, record age and data stockpiling. These frameworks give assortment of decisions to the client to see and look over at the solace of their contraptions. It gives a road to online request putting and handling in this manner prompting expanded deals for the organization. These data frameworks additionally give a more extensive market to the companys item since clients can get to the companys items on the web. In this manner the frameworks make it simple for the organization to publicize their items generally. With this framework set up, stock administration framework will empower organization to keep appropriate record of their items, screen business exercises, create quality reports, process more requests and do legitimate reviewing of the organization progress. All these are a portion of the advantages that Thuotech Company will appreciate once they embrace this data the board framework. This framework will upgrade quick development of Thuotech Soft Solution and furthermore guarantees powerful and proficient administrations to their clients (Wills, 2014) . Mix of internet business and m-trade to the association Endless supply of a data framework by Thuotech Soft System, the framework will comprise of other sub-frameworks that will establish the general framework. These subsystems incorporate stock administration frameworks that will give data on the estimation of stock, number of requests both put and prepared, reports that will never again be created physically yet rather consequently. Additionally an E-trade framework for this situation a front end application will empower Thuotech clients to see accessible items and put in their requests online just as paying for their requests without going to thuotech workplaces. A m-trade framework that empowers clients to utilize their cell phones to get to Thuotech framework and execute will likewise be a piece of the huge Thuotech data framework. Subsequently with this single framework each activity of Thuotech Company will be unified and controlled utilizing this framework (Futurism, 2016). This will lessen operational expenses. Web based business flexibly chain the executives This alludes to the progression of exercises in leading business utilizing an E-trade framework (Zubin Poonawalla, 2014). These exercises can be characterized as sub-process that makes up a web based business gracefully chain the executives framework. These procedures encourage the progression of administrations from the organization to the clients and the other way around. These sub-forms incorporate sourcing of items and buying, creation, conveyance of merchandise, item stock administration, deals, advertising among others. All these are a piece of an internet business framework proposed to Thuotech Company. This can be demonstrated as follows. Difficulties and Protection Difficulties of internet business and m-trade frameworks include: Data security Since this framework is available by means of the web, the data it handles may be inclined to difficulties, for example, hacking. This can be maintained a strategic distance from by guaranteeing that the framework is facilitated on a more made sure about condition. Clients feel and contact a few clients buy item subsequent to having a bit of it and have the option to break down it. With internet business framework this is preposterous. Requires aptitude and abilities to work these framework representatives of Thuotech Company should be prepared so as to pick up mastery required. Ends and suggestions Taking everything into account, internet business frameworks have extraordinary advantages that help in proliferating organizations to more noteworthy stature. In this way, Thuotech Soft Solution ought to embrace this framework in their organization this will assist them with leading their exercises all the more successfully and even associate more with their clients from all over Sydney and Australia on the loose. References Chahar, D. D. (2013). Investigation of E-Commerce and M-Commerce: Advantages, Limitations and Security issues . Bangalore: International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering. Futurism. (2016, December 14). blog. Recovered August 19, 2017, from Futurism Technologies: https://www.futurismtechnologies.com/blog/7-benefits-incorporating internet business erp/ INC. (2014). The board Information System. Inc. N, K. (2012). Online business AND M-COMMERCE: ISSUES AND RECOMMENDED SCREENING. IJMT. Wills, B. (2014). 18 Major Benefits of online Business for Retailers Customers in 2016. Medium. Zubin Poonawalla. (2014). Coordinations Supply Chain Management. New Delhi: Slideshare.

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Learn about Energy at MIT

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Learn about Energy at MIT When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment, but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. Held each spring since 2006, the  MIT Energy Conference  attracts technologists, investors, entrepreneurs, policy makers, and energy professionals who are defining the world’s energy future. The conference theme in 2014 was “Defining Challenges. Advancing Solutions.” In addition to keynote addresses from the vice chairman of HIS Inc. and a former secretary of the U.S. Department of the Interior, a keynote plenary invited representatives from RockPort Capital, the New England Clean Energy Council, the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center, Algenol Biofuels, and the U.S. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy to discuss the topic “Building an Ecosystem for Energy Entrepreneurship.” Panel sessions focused on such topics as “The Natural Gas Boom: Energy Sustainability and Environmental Challenges,” “The Power of Energy: Geopolitics in Evolving Global Energy Frontiers,” and “Innovations in Clean Tech Finance.” For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at MIT Sloan and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan) Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Learn about Energy at MIT When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment, but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. Held each spring since 2006, the MIT Energy Conference attracts technologists, investors, entrepreneurs, policy makers and energy professionals who are defining the world’s energy future. The conference theme in 2013 was “From Idea to Impact: Collaborating to Meet Global Energy Challenges,” and the event’s keynote speakers were the president and CEO of NRG Energy, Inc., and a former governor of New Mexico, who also served as the secretary of the U.S. Department of Energy. Panel discussions explored topics ranging from “Breaking the Climate Stalemate” to “Utility of the Future” and “Energy Innovation for Development.” The 2012 conference was themed “Insight and Innovation in Uncertain Times,” and the president of Shell Oil Company and the vice president of GE ecomagination delivered the keynote addresses. Via panel discussions, participants examined such issues as “Managing the Shale Gas Revolution,” “Large-Scale Energy Decisions Under Great Uncertainty,” and “Grid-Scale Energy Storage: Overcoming Barriers to Widespread Adoption.” The conference theme the previous year (2011) was “Confronting Limits with Fact-Based Analysis,” and the U.S. secretary of the Navy, and the chairman, president, and CEO of Duke Energy presented keynotes. For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at MIT Sloan and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan)

Essay about Dances With Wolves - 1291 Words

Dances With Wolves In his movie Dances With Wolves actor Kevin Costner tries to do away with any preconceived notions that the viewer might have had about the Native American Indians being a savage and inhuman race. He does this by first unraveling the mysteriousness of the Indians then he brings the viewer to a point of connectedness with the Indians and their culture. We then come to a sincere appreciation for them as human beings and individuals and find ourselves siding with them in matters of allegiance. This movie accomplishes this goal with several tactics and strategies. As the story unfolds we follow the life of John Dunbar (Kevin Costner) and take on his emotions and therefore come to the same realizations that he does.†¦show more content†¦We see that they are easily frightened at times like when Kicking Bird runs from the naked John who is also just as shocked by the Indians presence however does not want his horse, Sisco, to be messed with. We see through Johns eyes how frustratin g it is to not be able to communicate with other people and we understand how much trouble this has probably been for the Indians before. We see them as being generous people when John is presented with a Buffalo skin from them as well as their kindness in accepting his gifts. We also see how in Johns eyes the Indians are developing personalities of their own as individuals and not just a group of people. The second thing that must be done in order for the movie to completely change our opinion of these savages and bring our allegiances to them instead of the white settlers and army is that we must not only overcome our fears and prejudices we must also now connect with them in such a way that we feel bonded by friendship and love. The best way to accomplish this is through a feeling of belonging. As John becomes more and more involved with the Indians we see more and more of the personalities of the Indians themselves and we begin to see how human they really are. Now John begins to form friendships with these Indians and therefore so do we. One example of this is Johns friendship with Kicking Bird. John andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Dances With Wolves1093 Words   |  5 Pagessavages. Dances with Wolves represents a shift in this mindset. It was one of the first movies to paint life on the Great Plains as complex. Nevertheless, the film still contains many of the familiar Hollywoo d Indian myths. Dances with Wolves follows John Dunbar, a former Civil War soldier, who is transferred to Fort Hays. There Dunbar meets his Sioux neighbors, and slowly builds a relationship with the entire tribe. By the end of the movie, Dunbar has become fully integrated into the tribe. Dances withRead More Dances With Wolves Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pages The film, Dances with Wolves, staring Kevin Costner gives a historically accurate presentation of the Sioux Indians and their way of life. In this production, Lieutenant John Dunbar, played by Costner, is rewarded for his heroic actions in the Civil War by being offered an opportunity to see the American frontier before it is gone. Dunbar is assigned to an abandoned fort where his only friends are a lone wolf and his beloved horse, Cisco. After several weeks of waiting for more American troops,Read MoreDances With Wolves And Avatar1142 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Dances with Wolves and Avatar: Similar but Different† Dances with Wolves and Avatar are thought to be very different, but they are actually more similar than viewers may realize. First off, these are two must see films! The viewer walks away with much more than just having seen a movie. Both of these movies encourage cultural understanding, motivate, and teach individuality. Dances with Wolves and Avatar are alike in plot and cultural significance. These two films are alike in plot because in bothRead More Dances With Wolves Essay2082 Words   |  9 PagesDances With Wolves No matter how you choose to categorize human beings, whether by race or religion, nationality or gender, the resultant categories will display at least one immutable constant. Each group, no matter how diverse their beliefs or how dissimilar their behaviors, will contain men of honest and peaceful natures as well as men of divisive and violent natures. In the film Dances With Wolves, we are exposed to two distinct categories of people inhabiting post civil war America, theRead MoreThe Film Dances With Wolves2160 Words   |  9 PagesSpoken by Joseph Campbell, myths â€Å"support a certain social order and define humanity under any circumstance.† The film Dances With Wolves tells a fictional story that expresses those two mythological functions through the journey of John Dunbar beginning as a United States soldier and becoming a part of a Native American tribe, the Sioux. Through this transformation, the mythological functions help define what it means to be a true human bein g. A true human being is someone who has become so awareRead More Dances With Wolves Analysis Essays2123 Words   |  9 PagesDances With Wolves Analysis The movie Dances With Wolves was produced in 1990 and directed by Kevin Costner who starred as the main character. Dances with Wolves tells us the story of a white man who gets acquainted with the Sioux, who learns to love and respect them as valuable people with a culture and who discovers how wrong white peoples preconceived ideas about Native Americans are. A sense of adventure and drama is the feeling Dances with Wolves gives us. With this movieRead MoreEssay on Dances With Wolves by Michael Blake1805 Words   |  8 PagesDances With Wolves by Michael Blake is a novel that covers the topics of cross-culture, equality and respect. It also shows me the history of modern America. Reading this novel is a great adventure to me. Through years of getting ready, Michael Blake spent nine months on writing the book and got it done in 1981. The story happens in 1863, when US civil war was in ongoing. Knowing the potential amputation of his wounded leg, Union Army Officer Lieutenant John J. Dunbar turns suicidal and ridesRead More Shifting Perceptions in Dances With Wolves Essay1821 Words   |  8 PagesShifting Perceptions in Dances With Wolves In Kevin Costners motion picture Dances With Wolves, a white veteran of the Civil War, John Dunbar, ventures to the American frontier, where he encounters a tribe of Sioux Indians. At first, both parties are quite wary and almost hostile to each other, but after some time, Dunbar realizes that they have both grown to love and value each other as friends. As the movie critic Robert Ebert comments, Dunbar possesses the one quality he needs to cut throughRead More Overcoming Stereotypes in the Movie, Dances With Wolves Essay1768 Words   |  8 PagesOvercoming Stereotypes in the Movie, Dances With Wolves Everyone has a preconceived opinion of how a certain ethnic group is in terms of the way they live, the morals they hold, the way they deal with people different from them, and how they deal with one another. We come to these conclusions by what we have seen in the media, heard from other people, or actually experienced ourselves. Most people would consider these opinions to be stereotypes. Dances with Wolves is a motion picture that deals withRead More Changing Native American Stereotypes in the Film, Dances with Wolves1546 Words   |  7 PagesChanging Native American Stereotypes in the Film, Dances with Wolves The film Dances with Wolves, that was written by Michael Blake and directed by Kevin Costner, helps to shift our perspective of Native Americans from one of stereotypical distaste, to one of support and respect. According to an anonymous critic on www.eFilmcritic.com This is one of the few westerns that devotes its time to looking at the plight of the American Indians (particularly the Sioux), who were thought by some as

MK Ultra Inside the CIAs Mind Control Program

Project MK-Ultra was a series of CIA-led experiments on mind control. The experiments began in 1953 and continued into the late 1960s. CIA researchers subjected thousands of U.S. and Canadian citizens to experimental tests, including electric shock therapy, brain surgery, and LSD dosing, in order to identify methods for controlling human behavior. Key Takeaways: Project MK-Ultra Project MK-Ultra was a series of CIA-led experiments on mind control.The most famous MK-Ultra experiments involved LSD, but the program also tested the effectiveness of hypnosis, electroshock therapy, and brain surgeries.The experiments were conducted without the full consent of the subjects. Many subjects were in vulnerable positions like incarceration or psychiatric treatment.The federal government was brought to trial several times as a result of the project.Concerns about Project MK-Ultra led to an executive order stating that experiences with human subjects must require affirmative consent. The CIA hoped that successful methods could be used as interrogation tactics for alleged criminals or prisoners of war. These experiments were conducted without full consent of the participants, and the federal government was sued and brought to trial multiple times over the resulting deaths and injuries. Origins of Project MK-Ultra In 1953, Allen Dulles, then-director of the CIA, initiated the MK-Ultra program. The reasoning was three-fold. First, U.S. intelligence had learned that Russia was testing a drug, bulbocapnine, which was said to affect willpower in order to extract information from a subject. Second, during the  Korean War, North Korea had used LSD as an interrogation method of U.S. prisoners of war, and the U.S. sought to identify methods to counter such a tactic. Third, the U.S. no longer had a  monopoly on nuclear weapons, and therefore wanted new methods to influence leaders and extract information.   Sidney Gottlieb, an American chemist who was known to take LSD himself, presided over the program as the chief of the CIA’s technical services. The experiments primarily took place at penitentiaries, hospitals, and universities, targeting â€Å"people who could not fight back.† Patients and inmates were given doses of LSD and other hallucinogenic drugs or subjected to electric shocks without consent, then examined for changes in behavior. Additionally, the CIA hired sex workers to dose unsuspecting clients in brothels (known as  Operation Midnight Climax) and even dosed their own agents during the period of experimentation. The Experiments The most famous MK-Ultra experiments involved LSD, but the program also tested the effectiveness of hypnosis, electroshock therapy, and brain surgeries. Because the CIA later destroyed documents relating to MK-Ultra, most of what we know about the experiments comes from testimonies provided by experiment subjects. Farrell Kirk, a plaintiff in one of the lawsuits against the CIA, stated that the experiments with LSD caused him to experience extreme depression and drove him to attempt suicide. After his suicide attempts, he was questioned and studied again, then placed into solitary confinement. James Knight, who had been incarcerated for liquor smuggling, explained that the experiments gave him violent tendencies and severe memory loss. Before the experiments, all of his arrests were for non-violent offenses, but afterwards, he was arrested multiple times for assault. One particularly famous subject in the MK-Ultra experiments was Whitey Bulger, a Boston crime boss. Bulger alleges that, while incarcerated in an Atlanta penitentiary, he was a subject in experiments related to schizophrenia. Along with eight or nine other inmates, he was dosed with LSD and asked about crimes he may or may not have committed. Bulger described a rise in his own violent tendencies after the LSD experiments, as well as hallucinations and difficulty sleeping. Ted Kaczynski—better known as The Unabomber, who killed three and injured 23 with homemade bombs—was a subject of MK-Ultra tests while a student at Harvard University in 1958. Dr. Henry Murray tested his theories of behavioral modification and mind control on dozens of students like Kaczynski by subjecting them to extreme verbal abuse and then monitoring their reactions. Associated Deaths At least two deaths are directly associated with the MK-Ultra experiments: those of Frank Olson and Harold Blauer.  Olson, bacteriologist for the CIAs Camp Detrick in Maryland, was unwittingly laced with LSD while at a CIA retreat. Due to his increased paranoia, he was sent to New York to be treated by a CIA psychologist. On November 28, 1953, he died after either falling or jumping out of a 13th-floor window. Olson’s family was initially told of the suicide but not of the experiments. There is speculation that members of the CIA pushed Olson, but the initial cause of death was ruled a suicide, then changed to an accidental death. The Olson family brought a lawsuit against the U.S. government for the experimentation leading to Frank’s death, but they settled out of court. Harold Blauer  was a patient at New York State Psychiatric Institute who voluntarily admitted himself to be treated for depression. While in treatment, he was unknowingly dosed with mescaline derivatives, one of which turned out to be a fatal dose. The institute identified his cause of death as self-inflicted overdose. Blauers family sued the hospital for neglecting to monitor his medications. After the MK-Ultra program came to light, the family was informed that Blauer’s death was a result of the experimentation. Trials and Aftermath Because the test subjects were either partly or entirely unaware of the experiments, and because the tests resulted in a number of deaths and injuries, the federal government was sued and brought to trial several times over MK-Ultra. After the  Watergate scandal led to greater overall scrutiny of government processes, the CIA destroyed many documents related to MK-Ultra. By the time of the trials a few years later, there was not much paper evidence of the illegal experimentation. In 1974,  The New York Times  published an  article  about the CIA directing nonconsensual mind control experiments. The report led to the creation of the  Church Committee  to investigate the nation’s intelligence gathering program and hold Senate hearings. Victims of the experiments filed lawsuits against the federal government for human rights violations and neglect. These efforts led President Ronald Reagan to sign  Executive Order 12333, which  stated that research with human subjects must require affirmative consent with documentation describing exactly what the subjects are consenting to. The CIA publicly announced that MK-Ultra experiments had been terminated. The MK-Ultra project led to immense distrust of the federal government and is central to many conspiracy theories about politicians and intelligence agencies in the U.S. Sources M. Hersh, Seymour. â€Å"HUGE C.I.A. OPERATION REPORTED IN U.S. AGAINST ANTIWAR FORCES, OTHER DISSIDENTS IN NIXON YEARS.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 22 Dec. 1974, www.nytimes.com/1974/12/22/archives/huge-cia-operation-reported-in-u-s-against-antiwar-forces-other.html.Anderson, Jack. â€Å"Lawsuit Forces CIA Confession on MK-ULTRA.†Ã‚  Washington Post, 28 Aug. 1982.

The Conflicting Nature Of Power In Shakespeares King...

When an individual is situated in a position of power, their actions are determined by their present company. In this way, an individual may act in conflicting ways in order to please their present audience and thus are removed from the power they are deemed to possess. The pivotal characters in William Shakespeare s King Henry IV Part 1 successfully portray the conflicting nature of power throughout the play and ultimately comment on how aspects of politics are subject to the opinions of spectators. Politics is defined as the process of making decisions applying to all members of each group, involving a variety of groups resulting in the nature of politics changing depending on the participants. The conflict between Prince Hal and King†¦show more content†¦Henry laments over the fact that Hal is not the son he would have liked, religiously alluding to the unruliness of his son that he has no control over is the punishment from God as a result of his usurpation of the thron e. This religious allusion reflecting on Henry’s sins demonstrates the both the political power the King obtains, as he deposed the previous King, but also the powerlessness he has in correspondence to the Lord, and his own conscience. In addition, Henry use of the term â€Å"grafted† describes Prince Hal’s connection to Falstaff and the subsequent rejection of his more important blood relations and thus his role as the heir to the English throne. It can be argued that Hal purposely attempts to separate himself from the royal role that his father sets for him, understanding that his father usurped the Divine Right of Kings and thus sought the company of individuals that would successfully result in the disapproval of his father and the Royal Court. Hal finds companions in the rouges in which inhabit the Boar s Head Inn and Eastcheap, including the thieving surrogate father Falstaff. However, while the two locations and companies are considered to differ starkl y, Shakespeare successfully mirrors the separate destinations in first two scenes between the Royal Court and the â€Å"Rouge Court† found in the Boar’s Head Inn. Whilst the occupants are of the Inn are freely labelled as thieves, the occupants of theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Henry Iv928 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s plays Macbeth and Henry IV Part One are both plays that are wrought with the notion of destiny. The journeys that Macbeth and Hal undertake throughout these plays are contrastingly different and each play takes on a different perspective of destiny. In Macbeth destiny is attempted to be controlled by Macbeth himself whereas Hal has a destiny that he was born into, a destiny to be king. Both are portrayed differently in different spheres of their society this will be explored furtherRead More A Freudian Reading of Hamlet and Titus Andronicus Essay2542 Words   |  11 Pagesclose readings of language. Therefore, by under standing Freudian theory, we can gain a deeper understanding of literature. This essay attempts to discover how Freud’s psychoanalytical accounts of human nature can bring us to a deeper understanding of the family relationships at work in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Titus Andronicus. According to Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams we all have repressed wishes and desires. One of the most common of these repressed desires is the wish to sexually possessRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesThis book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its

Thesis- Vocabulary free essay sample

Introduction The limits of my language are the limits of my mind. All I know is what I have words for. Ludwig Wittgenstein Active communication in English is what counts in todays globalizes world. It is very Important to have large deposit of words. OConnor explained why large vocabularies characterize executives and possibly outstanding men and women in other fields. The final answer seems to be that words are the instruments by means of which men and women grasp the thoughts of others and with which they do much of their own thinking.They are the tools of thought. The benefits of effective communication are many and obvious in many aspects of life. Vocabulary is the total number of words in a language. It is also the collection of words a person knows and uses in speaking and writing. So, it is a natural desire to expand ones vocabulary as bigger supply of words increases the chances of succeeding In studies, career and even personal relationships. It Is Important to develop the skills of using the right words under different circumstances. And as for SSL students, having a store of vocabulary in mind is already an advantage. In writing r speaking, control over words Is often the same as control over Ideas the words represent. Enriching ones vocabulary leads to understanding a lot of things and improves ones language skills. Working in this direction, will be able to improve not only our vocabulary but the quality of life as well. The range of our vocabulary is a clue to our education and our Impression of our abilities. Background of the Study The vocabulary of a language is always changing and growing.As life becomes more complex, people devise or borrow new words to describe human activity, and they change the meanings of existing words to fit new circumstances. No one knows the exact number of English words today, but probably there are a lot to learn for. For Americans, the average use of vocabulary is 10,000 words, but the average recognition vocabulary is 30,000 to 40,000 words. A person continually builds a vocabulary. Studies have shown that a child entering school may know only from 3,000 to 4,000 words.But by the completion of college, he or she may have a wider range of vocabulary. The importance of vocabulary in achieving success in life has been proven over and over. In the sasss, Johnson OConnor found that successful people in all walks of fife have powerful vocabularies. He also discovered that vocabulary growth is not tied to any special trait, and anyone, regardless of their present vocabulary, can enrich It. Vocabulary growth cannot be a product of Just an incidental learning.As we think with words, so the limits of our learning are related to the limits of our OFF strategies of the English majors in our college last semester in our Applied Linguistics class where we discussed the vocabulary topic. As one of the future professionals, as our professors always says, especially in the language or teaching field, it is very important to have enough vocabulary living in you. The researchers decided to pursue this study because we are continually reminded of how it would be helpful in our course and in our future careers.In this research, we would be able to discover the vocabulary range, difficulties most effective ways of vocabulary enrichment of the ABE sophomore students. The challenge is to find a method of teaching or strategy of learning vocabul ary that is effective and efficient. Theoretical framework Dual-coding theory is a theory of cognition, it uses the idea that the formation of mental images aids in learning when developing this theory. Dual-coding theory postulates that both visual and verbal information is used to represent information. (Stromberg, 2003) visual and verbal information processed in each channel.The mental codes corresponding these representation are used to organize incoming information that can be acted upon, stored, and retrieved for subsequent use. This theory states that Human cognition is unique in that it has become specialized for dealing simultaneously with language and with non-verbal objects and events. Moreover, the language system is peculiar in that deals directly tit linguistic input and output (in the form of speech or writing) while at the same time serving a symbolic function with respect to non-verbal objects, events, and behaviors.Any representational theory must accommodate this dual functionality. Dual-coding theory complements a dual-route theory of reading. When people read written information, dual-route theory contends that the readers access orthographic and phonological information to recognize words in the writing. The theory assumes that there are two cognitive subsystems, one specialized for the representation and processing of non-verbal objects/events (I. . Imagery), and the other specialized for dealing with language.Dual-coding theory identified three types of processing: (1) representational, the direct activation of verbal or non-verbal representations. (2) referential, the activation of the verbal system by the non-verbal system or vice versa and (3) associative processing, the activation of representations within the same verbal or non-verbal system. A given task may require any or all of the three kinds of processing. Formalization of the theory of dual-coding is generally attributed to Allan Vivo of the University of Western Ontario.Vivo found that participants when shown a rapid sequence of pictures as well as a rapid sequence of words and later asked recall the words and pictures, in any order, were better at recalling images. Participants, however, more readily recalled the sequential order of the words, rather than the sequence of pictures. These results supported Patios hypothesis that verbal information is processed differently than visual information and that verbal information was superior to visual information when sequential order was also required for the memory task. Vivo, 1969) We know that this theory called as dual-coding is somehow true. It is important because it tells and elaborate to us the way how people could effectively learned theory accounts the significance of abilities in theories of intelligence. By means of this theory relating to the study, people may know the two different ways to acquire knowledge. The main connection of this theory to the research is that vocabulary is knowledge and the theory is all about acquiring knowledge. In order to have such vocabulary fluency, people must find out the best strategies for them.Studies might determine the most relevant way on expanding vocabulary, whichever of the two ways that the theory says. Although goals, objectives and assessments are crucial components, in this paper we will focus on explicit learning strategies as a means for achieving our goals of expanding their vocabulary knowledge, consolidating and elaborating vocabulary knowledge and building fluency with known vocabulary. The aforementioned theory has supported our study for better understanding on the different methods or strategies of the ABA English students in expanding their vocabulary knowledge.Conceptual Framework Process The input contains the most significa nt variable regarding ABA English students vocabulary knowledge. It includes the effective strategies of the respondents on how they develop and expand their vocabulary. The second circle comprises the procedures that the researcher used to analyze the variables is by creating a survey, observation and analysis of the results. Lastly is the output, it includes all the recommendation that the researchers The arrow in the system signifies the flow of the study.It associates the process to the output as well as the input to make it as a never stopping cycle of information. Statement of the Problem The main objective of this research is to find out the most effective vocabulary expansion strategy of the ABA English sophomore students in PUP. Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following: 1 . How do the respondents evaluate their vocabulary fluency based on their own knowledge? 2. What are the common strategies that the ABA English students used to expand their vocabulary knowledge? 3.Do strategies on how to expand vocabulary and having such vocabulary knowledge have significant connection with each other? Scope and Limitations The respondents of the study are composed of ABA English sophomore students. The questionnaires will be administered on February, 2013 and retrieved on the day f the survey while the others on the following days. This will be done to have a better understanding as to the level of knowledge, skills, values, ethics, and attitudes they have acquired and the need to qualify as competent linguists.Significance of the Study College/ Department of Arts and Letters. This study will be beneficial as it holds whats the most effective strategy of the ABA English students in terms of expanding their vocabulary. Thus, this will make a lifelong notion that they can use in the near future. Teachers/Professors. This study will serve as a means for the vocabulary caching methods that they use and implement. This will enable them to weigh out if the said methods were effective.The findings will make them aware of whatever problems, possible solutions, and suggestions to further enhance the factors that contribute to achieving strategies for vocabulary expansion. Other Researchers. Requirement. This has given them a lot of challenge in meeting new faces and acquaintances and being aware of whats happening in the environment regarding their study. This developed their vocabulary and can help them to improve their communication skills. Definition of Terms For better understanding and interpretation of this study, the following terms are operationally defined.Vocabulary It is the set of words within a language that are familiar to that person. A vocabulary usually develops with age, and serves as a useful and fundamental tool for communication and acquiring knowledge. Words A meaningful speech sound or succession of speech sounds that can be represented by graphic symbols. A written or printed representation of a word. Expansion The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of being expanded; dilation; enlargement. Vocabulary Expansion Vocabulary Expansion is useful to improve communication skills and help develop reading and writing ability.It does not matter at what stage of education, or personal growth you are, vocabulary development can benefit everyone. Vocabulary expansion is often pursued for a variety of reasons. Individuals may seek to communicate more effectively at work, or college students may be searching for a richer originates from a non-English speaking background and wishes to learn English for work or study purposes. Vocabulary Skills These refer to skills of students in vocabulary expansion, especially to the dents of College of Arts and Letters (CAL).These are useful to enhance ones skills in word guessing and getting the correct definition of words afterwards. Dictionary A reference source in print or electronic form containing words usually alphabetically arranged along with information about their forms, pronunciations, functions, etymologies, meanings, and syntactical and idiomatic uses. College of Arts and Letters (CAL) Program It is one of the colleges of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. It is the result of the merging of the College of Arts and the College of Languages and Linguistics that was enacted in 2012.

The World of Documentaries Touching the Void and Bigger, Stronger, Faster

Introduction In the movie-making industry, there are a number of powerful works which deserve viewers’ attention and recognition. In spite of the fact that the vast majority of modern people are fond of exiting 3D ideas, the importance of documentary movies is regarded to be noticeable as well. With the help of documentaries, people get an opportunity to learn more about the events which happen around, the ways of people communicate, and strategies they prefer to rely on. â€Å"Documentary film is a form of reporting about the world† (Rollyson 2004, 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The World of Documentaries: Touching the Void and Bigger, Stronger, Faster specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The list of powerful documentary movies is large indeed, and it is not always easy to pick out the most successful movies for the analysis. In this paper, the attention to two documentary films will be paid: Bigg er, Stronger, Faster by Christopher Bell and Touching the Void by Kevin MacDonald. Though these two works touch upon different aspects of life, Bell discusses the idea of using steroids in everyday life as an outcome of imitation of Schwarzenegger or Stallone, and MacDonald addresses the idea of alpinism as a powerful method to check people’s trust to each other. By means of such documentary techniques likes interviews, exposition, voice-over, or reconstructions, the directors evaluate the conditions under which people have to live, the decisions which people have to make, and actions which need to be taken to save lives. In Bigger, Stronger, Faster and Touching the Void, the main idea of messages is connected to the way of how people prefer to live and make crucial decisions; these movies aim not only at teaching the viewer but also at explaining the reasons of why the discussed themes are worth recognition and attention. Documentaries as an open door to factual effects The peculiar feature of a documentary movie is its purpose. â€Å"It is intended to achieve something in addition to entertaining audiences and making money† (Ellis and McLane 2005, 4). The production of a documentary movie requires much time and specific efforts from different people: a director has to underline as many perspectives to discuss an issue as possible: a producer has to develop proper relations with different people to gain better results in the movie; the actors, as a rule, they are real people with real names and histories, should consider their roles as the ones based on real-life events, so that their emotions and feelings have to correspond to the already established tempo of life. The works created by Christopher Bell and Kevin MacDonald are the successful examples of documentaries where people get a chance to see the obsession of a man to gain something that is usually unnecessary or even harmful and to be punished for inability to control personal demands an d wishes.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reviews of the movies about human weaknesses â€Å"All of you have lied! All of you have said something wrong, all of you have dirt. All of you. When your closet’s clean, then come clean somebody else’s. But clean yours first† (Bell 2008). This is one of the most memorable quotes in the movie Bigger, Stronger, Faster. It is all about human nature and people’s decision to use steroids to improve their lives. This movie discusses human weaknesses before an idea to become better and stronger. People do not want to focus on some morals, ethical aspects of their behaviour, and true attitudes to their roles and functions. In the movie, the authors raise a number of questions concerning why people want to use steroids and how their fail to use consistent steps. It is hard to define true intentions of people. â€Å"Ev erybody tries to be bigger, faster, stronger and what you lose in trying to accomplish that is natural ability† (Wexell 2004, 72). As for the second movie, Touching the Void is more about human weakness to extreme sports and situations when it is possible to check the worth of human life. Capabilities of human body and human mind are hard to evaluate, this is why it is necessary to cast all possible distractions away and concentrate on the things which really matter: life and death. It is difficult to make a decision when it is about human life, however, it is necessary to do something in order to achieve the results and to meet personal demands. In the movie, Simon Yates admits that â€Å"rather than just sit here, feeling sorry for myself or whatever, I’ll get on with it and I’ll die on the way down† (MacDonald 2003). Different outcomes of the same documentary techniques in the movies Nowadays, the directors of documentaries prefer to use different techn iques within one movie in order to underline the most significant moments and make the viewer focus his/her attention on a particular detail. One of the significant differences between the movies Touching the Void and Bigger, Stronger, Faster is that the director of the former makes use of both, dramatic aspects and documentary techniques. In Touching the Void, much attention is paid to reconstructions. The vast majority of scenes in the movie are based on real events which happen to Joe Simpson and Simon Yates, the two men who made a decision to climb the Peruvian Andes in the shortest period of time. The director makes an attempt to combine the movie with some pieces of interviews with real Joe and Simon who are â€Å"filmed as footage for inclusion in the edited documentary† (Friedmann 2006, 143). With the help of this documentary technique, the movie is regarded as an educative source of information, full of emotions, pain, and respect.Advertising We will write a cus tom essay sample on The World of Documentaries: Touching the Void and Bigger, Stronger, Faster specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interviews with the main characters introduce a true picture of the events which happen with people climbing the dangerous mountain. On the one hand, the movie characters perform their roles on a high level: they demonstrate appropriate emotions and desire at the beginning of the movie. They have a hope; they have a plan; and they trust each other. They cannot guess what is waiting for them. And real interviews serve as a kind of warning sign for the viewer. In comparison to the movie by MacDonald, the techniques used by Bell in his movie have the other contributions and effects. Interviews with people aim not at demonstrating their emotions and attitude to the issue. These interviews perform the function of informative sources. They do not cause some emotions from the viewer; they just prove the truth that p eople support an idea of steroids’ usage and they believe the chosen methods have appropriate outcomes. To underline the idea of information gathering, the director also makes use of another technique that is voiceover narration when it is possible to hear what a character speak but cannot see him (Yahnke 2009). Another powerful technique, the exposition, is used in both movies as well. However, the effects it may have on the viewer seem to be rather different. The essence of the exposition in documentaries is to introduce the most important aspects of a movie and create the first impression on the viewer. In case with Bigger, Stronger, Faster, the voice behind the camera demonstrate his passion to big men, their unbelievable power, their impact on human life and the American culture. Loud and hard background music, attention to the political perspective, and quotations from the famous events and movies make the viewer realize that this documentary is about the issue is inter esting for many people. The purpose of this documentary technique is perfectly achieved by the director: he attracts attention and proves the urgency of the topic discussed. In Touching the Void, the exposition is introduced in the calmer tone: a young man informs the audience about the story discussed in the movie. â€Å"It was fun†, he admits (MacDonald 2003). The exposition of this movie helps to prepare the viewer for a story that is full of emotions, true human emotions which are based on person’s desire to climb the world. However, as one wrong action takes place, fun disappears and something terrible begins. The events which happen in the story change the lives of two good friends which have to face a number of challenges and to survive.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Themes and messages of the movies The importance of documentary techniques in Bigger, Stronger, Faster and Touching the Void is evident indeed. Someone may think that it is not easy to create a movie about real life and use real people as the main actors. However, the use of techniques makes each movie special and worthwhile. With the help of interviews and clear exposition, MacDonald proves that his movie is a real collection of emotions and feelings which are inherent to everyday life. Conquests which people try to demonstrate may lead to unpredictable outcomes and influence the rest of the life considerably. The themes in the movie Bigger, Stronger, Faster are disclosed by the same techniques, however, the message of the movie varies deeply. People have the right to choose. But still, their choices are not always correct; unfortunately, they cannot understand why something goes wrong. The use of steroids is one of the most controversial topics nowadays, and people are free to use as many supportive arguments as well as opposing ideas. It is necessary to understand how harmful steroids can be for human health, and the movie helps to comprehend the outcomes of drugs’ use. There is no concrete answer whether it is wrong or right; there is a free choice for people to make and rely on personal abilities, demands, and interests. Conclusion The role of documentary movies is significant for our society. Under the masks of numerous tricks, computer technologies, and improved shots, it is hard to define a true nature of the film message. Documentaries like Bigger, Stronger, Faster and Touching the Void prove that it is possible to create amazing movies and not to rely on computer techniques. The variety of documentary techniques helps to introduce magnificent educative stories: expositions prove that the chosen movie is worth attention; interviews, both direct and indirect, explain that everything that is described in the movie happens in real; footage and rec onstructions help to see how the event from the past happened and to understand why the event influence the life. There are no clear instructions on how documentaries should be evaluated by the viewer. However, there is one truth that documentaries help to see and analyze the same life, conditions, and events from another perspective, deeper and more coherent. Bibliography Bell, Christopher. Bigger, Stronger, Faster. Directed by Christopher Bell. Columbus: BSF Film, 2008. Ellis, Jack and McLane, Betsy. 2005. A New History of Documentary Film. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc. Friedmann, Anthony. 2006. Writing for Visual Media. Burlington, MA: Focal Press. Rollyson, Carl. 2004. Documentary Film: A Primer. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse. Touching the Void. Movie. Directed by Kevin MacDonald. London: Darlow Smithson Productions, 2003. Wexell, Jim. 2004. Tales from Behind the Steel Curtain. Champaign, IL: Sports Publishing LLC. Yahnke, Robert. 2009. A Primer of Documen tary Film Techniques. Resources for Teaching Film, September. Web. This essay on The World of Documentaries: Touching the Void and Bigger, Stronger, Faster was written and submitted by user Evie Alexander to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Supply Chain Management and Modern Technologies

Supply Chain Management and Modern Technologies Introduction The requirements of the marketplace when conducting supply chain management is largely dependent on whether an organisation is in need of pursuing either the lean or agile paradigms. The two supply chain parameters are distinctively different. For instance, in terms of the market winner, the agile paradigm is tagged on availability while the lean one is pegged on cost.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Management and Modern Technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, nimbleness in a market that is overly sensitive works well in an agile supply chain contrary to the lean supply chain where waste definition is the clear cut line.  Another important parameter in supply chain management is the proper location of decoupling points. This is imperative bearing in mind that there is need to engineer a hybrid supply chain where both materials and information can flow smoothly form the point of production to consumption. When the latter is effectively implemented, it will enhance positive outcome associated with both types of supply chain. For example, efficiency will be visible in a lean system while the agile supply chain will encourage an effective supply downstream. There are quite a number of supply chain management technologies that have been adopted in the contemporary business spheres. One such technology is the use of RFID to track down materials or products from the point of production or sale to the end user. The only loophole in the application of RFID in supply chain management seems to be emanating from outside such as lack of specified standards, security and privacy considerations, false promises as well as marketing problems. This business report offers a succinct critique of Naylor et al article on the application of lean and agile (leagile) supply chain management. Additionally, the paper discusses how RFID and other modern supply chain tech nologies such as e-commerce, CPER and VMI can be used to mitigate against the bull-whip effect in supply chain performance. Critique / Literature Review Perhaps, it is pertinent to begin this literature review and critique by defining each of the supply chain paradigms. Although Naylor et al (1999) attempts to define agility simply as supply chain management processes that enhance effectiveness and performance in organizations, it is vital to emphasize that business enterprises that pursue this kind of supply have much more to encounter and implement.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) is indeed the origin of this concept. Sometimes back, manufacturing flexibility was thought to be only possible through automation. This idea did not last for long since it was later extended to incorporate other important factors in business th at would influence rapid changes through product mix or volume. Hence, the concept of agility in supply chain management has taken a sharp turn especially in regard to its composition and functionality. Hence, Naylor et al (1999) ought to have incorporated all the supply chain elements that affect the agile paradigm. While the authors have thinly differentiated agility and leanness in supply chain management, the two paradigms have a visible difference both in terms of application and effect in supply chain management. When referring to leanness, a supply chain management focuses more to do with producing more using fewer resources. In fact, Naylor et al (1999) reiterate that the â€Å"just-in-time† approach or zero inventories is usually associated with leanness especially in manufacturing. Although the latter terms are precise to use, a more relevant philosophy to use is Minimum Reasonable Inventory (MRI) since it is rather practical bearing in mind that â€Å"leannessâ₠¬  refers to the most minimal use of available resources to produce more. On the other hand, it is quite impossible to separate the two paradigms, not to mention the fact that the agile supply chain is very common in business enterprises that have adopted lean manufacturing. This is paradoxical having highlighted the outstanding difference between the two supply chain tools. The point at which lean manufacturing starts can be practically traced by the Toyota Production System (TPS). (Heinrich, 2005). This company largely targeted at eliminating and reducing waste in its manufacturing portfolio as one way of boosting production and hence manufacturing in its manufacturing portfolio.  It is highly likely that the article by Naylor et al (1999) has laid much emphasis on the positive returns of lean thinking to factory production. In any case, it is worth to note that manufacturing practices among several business organizations across the globe have been improved due to the lessons g ained from TPS guidelines. Thus, restricting the benefits to factories per se may be myopic, so to speak. In connection to this, it is possible to encounter a situation whereby less working hours is spent against higher output in the production and supply of vehicles in a factory whereas the stock of finished vehicles may take up until three months to clear in terms of sale. Again, this is another paradox in the supply chain management when deliberating on both lean and agile paradigms at the same time. Therefore, leanness, as much as it is unique from agility, can still be integrated in a scenario whereby an organization wants to attain both efficiency and effectiveness simultaneously.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Management and Modern Technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The strategy used in supply chin and of course manufacturing should be that which fall between market winners and marke t qualifiers (Heinrich, 2005). The two concepts are well covered by Naylor et al (1999). In other descriptions, the two parameters have also been highlighted as order qualifiers and order winners. In retrospect, any organization entering a manufacturing field should deliberate on the requisite baselines to compete favourable in an open market economy as it is the case with the current effect brought about by globalization. These prior considerations are referred to as order qualifiers. On the other hand, gaining market strength and equitable share of the market demands certain unique flexibilities also referred to as order winners. Supposedly, the most appropriate manufacturing strategy can only be met when both the order winners and order qualifiers is brought into light. Unfortunately, Naylor et al (1999) does not explicitly underscore the two concepts that would prepare a ground for vibrant supply chain management. In real sense, companies do not compete; rather, it is the supply chains. Thus, it is quite tricky to elude the connection between agile and lean as well as winners and qualifiers. In a more simplistic term, the lean supply chain will carry the day if the element of cost is factored in the process. However, service value coupled with customer satisfaction is of critical importance when discussing agile paradigm. At this point, there is a lot of concurrence with the article by Naylor et al (1999).  In appendix I, the two paradigms have been illustrated in terms of their terse differences. Such a â€Å"compare and approach† approach is necessary in creating a clear cut difference as well as similarity between the supply chain paradigms (see appendix II). Product quality level is an equal requirement in both lean and agile supply chain contrary to what Naylor et al (1999) propose. Whilst leanness is overly concerned with reducing or alleviating the level of waste in course of supply, the quality of either goods or services produced cannot b e compromised. This also applies to lead-times especially between the times when a client places an order and when the delivery is finally effected. Agility too, demands that the total lead time be lowered to what may be referred to as the â€Å"irreducible minimum†. The only challenge when this requirement has to be applied in an agile supply chain is the difficulty in forecasting and the high level of volatile associated with predicting the total lead-time. Naylor et al (1999) also confirm that marketplace demand will be cumbersome to exploit if the end-to-end lead-time is extremely long and possibly wasteful in the supply process. The vertical distribution channel has been the supply chain art of Dell for long. It solely distributes its products. Through the use of internet or telephone, customers are able to start off the process of buying. Three modes of selling are applicable at Dell namely keyboard-to-server, ear-to-ear and face-to-face (Dell Fedman, 1999).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The lead-time is usually specified by the company representative although in practice, it takes a much shorter time to deliver the product than earlier specified in the inquiry. Computers at Dell are built according to customer’s specifications.  In order to satisfy the orders placed by customers, the company makes use of an agile supply chain paradigm. Additionally, the inventory is not finished while the entire business platform takes the form of a direct model. The component inventory is also kept to the lowest level possible as one way of beating the competition in terms of prices. Indeed, this is a clear cut example on how both the lean and agile supply chains can be incorporated in an organization in order to simultaneously boost efficiency and effectiveness. The lean approach at Dell is also evident when the company applies vertical integration in its supply chain management (Heinrich, 2005). Subsequently, the company has facilitated cost reduction as a way of reduci ng wastes. For instance, an agile supplier has been mandated to build relatively standard monitors. As such, the company may require as much as 9,547 pieces of monitors today from its agile supplier while in few days time, demand as low as 760. RFID for Supply Chain Performance Improvements Evolution, both socially and economically, is a daily experience that is encountered both at the individual and societal level. One of the visible fronts in evolution is the advances made in technology and especially in supply chain management. Technological sophistication has continually improved consumer experience not to mention the mammoth benefits to suppliers and manufacturers. In particular, the use of the Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID) has created real world awareness in the managing supply chain. This technology is used to track down the design or unique product characteristics right from the point of production throughout the supply chain. Additionally, RFID is capable of either actively or passively transmitting the product information regardless of space and time. Indeed, the technology has been used to minimize theft of goods alongside avoiding improper shipment sizes. By using RFID technology, it is possible to ensure that the products will arrive at their point of destination with minimum hitch in addition to giving a better forecast especially of the delivery time to consumers. An organization can also use this device for impose restrictions to entering certain points within a building. It can also be useful in assessing the exit and entry times for employees.  Modern business indeed requires the implementation of RFID technology and especially in regard to improving product awareness throughout the supply chain management. When variability in the demand order are overly increased or amplified as they progress through the chain of supply, it results into the bullwhip effect (Heinrich, 2005). In actual practice, the bullwhip effect is common when vital information is distorted as the supply chain is distorted. Worse still, such distortion is also a major cause of supply chain inefficiencies and failure experienced in some establishments. When companies thoroughly evaluate, assess and comprehend the latent causes of bullwhip effect, they can effectively counteract this scenario. To this end, can RFID technologies assist in reducing the bullwhip effect in any way? Currently, industry leaders are in the forefront of implementing strategies that are innovative in nature such as the use of RFID tracking tool to facilitate smooth and unrestricted flow of information. This has been covered under the integration of new information systems (Heinrich, 2005). Moreover, new measurement and incentive systems in addition to giving a better definition to organizational relationship have been applied to counter the bullwhip effect.  In respect to new information systems, RFID has played an integral role in supply chain management. Th e RFID passive tags contain vital information of the product. As part and parcel of reducing the bullwhip effect in its supply chain, Dell Inc. has embraced the use of RFID technology. Today, the company stands out as one of the well established computer and electronics manufacturer worldwide (Dell Fedman, 1999). The six manufacturing plants of the company employ over 50,000 employees spread across different locations in the world. As already mentioned, the company makes use of the idea on supply and demand depending on the orders placed by customers to drive sales. As the chairman and founder of Dell, Michael Dell confessed, the ability to obtain real-time data courtesy of RFID technology has indeed improved the working efficiency of the company in addition to boosting revenue growth of the company (Heinrich, 2005). Currently, the company is fast on plans to decommission the old techniques that have been used in its supply chain for long and embrace better RFID technologies that h ave proved to be both effective and efficient in manufacturing and service delivery portfolios. In practice, the RFID technology being used at Dell has enabled customers to keep a close vigil of their purchases and how everything is progress from the assembly time, shipment and eventually to delivery. In all of these processes, human beings are minimally involved thereby reducing the possible additional workforce that the company would require as part of customer support.  Realistically speaking, such an arrangement would significantly reduce or even completely eliminate the bullwhip effect. Furthermore, congestion in warehouses has been a thing of the past bearing in mind that Dell has fully engaged itself in the manufacture of most computer hardware and software being sold. The real world awareness created by RFID technology has greatly improved the supply chain management logistics leading to extreme success of the company.  The United States Department of Defence is also kee n in the implementation of RFID technologies especially in the handing and tracking down of its ammunitions, weapons and military rations. The department has realized that less time is spent when RFID is used as compared to the ordinary means of inventory processing. The maintenance of material, asset visibility, items management as well as improvement in data quality has been necessitated with the use of the RFID technology. Using RFID to Complement Existing Technologies Concepts There are quite a number of supply chain technologies. However, the use of RFID can indeed boost the viability of other technologies and concepts being used in supply chain management. For instance, supply chain management is currently employing E-commerce, Decentralized Software Service Protocol (DSSP), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), internet, Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and Customer Premise Equipment (CPE). The lean and agile paradigms in supply chain are also important parameters when integratin g RFID technology since the latter is one of the success factors in supply chain IT. For example, the process of gathering information from the manufacturing to the delivery point requires a more real time data analysis and transmission (Attaran, 2007). This is in effect similar to the case scenario on how E-commerce is carried out at Dell inc. the use of RFID at this point is vital since all the parties engage in the transaction will be visible enough in the entire supply chain process. Additionally, RFID will improve E-commerce undertakings in the sense that it will be possible to expedite the assessment of orders by retailers as well as monitor possible delays.  Secondly, E-commerce that has integrated the use of RFID technologies will be able to put in place a standardization process that will be able to identify products across various industries and companies. A single contact point can be used to access data in the system since there is need for uniformity of the much neede d information by consumers. When old forms of technologies such as telephones are used, there can be slight differences in the information passed verbally and the actual specifications of the product being purchased. A robust RFID structure in internet use will also facilitate quick analysis of system data as well as improve planning that is needed in strategic decision making. Of utmost importance here is the Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) whereby business processes can be integrated real time (Attaran, 2007).  In terms of lean and agile supply chain tools, a collaborative approach between companies and supplies has been found to highly beneficial and that companies that exercise this approach usually outperform their competitors. In order to boost profitability and innovation as well as maintain a high quality supply chain in the procurement and sourcing processes, the adoption and full implementation of RFID technologies alongs ide other supply chain management tools such as Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) and Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) cannot be ignored or underestimated. A Supplier Relationship Management System (SRM) when well utilized alongside RFID will enable the smooth process of tracking down spending analysis by suppliers on a global basis. This can be implemented across different product categories. Moreover, SRM will permit comparison of supplier metrics and benchmarks. In other words, it will be possible for the manufacturer to outsource the most viable supplier through real time record. In the case of lean supply chain, the lead-time compression will be monitored with ease so long as the RFID technological platform has been fully integrated in the business cycle. Contract Management (CM) when used together with RFID technology will enhance the sharing of vital information among suppliers alongside enabling the establishment of web-based procurement process that are fast and convenient to the users. Contact Management will also permit the continual monitoring of supply chain and most importantly ensuring that the performance of suppliers is up to date and according to the earlier proposed agreements. Spend Management software such as Ariba, Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) to catch up with the implementation of RFID by most vendors in the supply chain. A case example is that of Xerox. The company ha s already installed and using the internet procurement system. The new system is intended to cut down on unnecessary costs associated with non-productive purchasing. Sincerely speaking, this is one way through which Xerox Corporation will be practicing lean manufacturing and hence lean supply chain paradigm (Heinrich, 2005). The net effect will be transformation of the supply chain system of the company from the one that is geared towards waste elimination to one that is consistent with an agile approach whereby efficiency will be improved significantly. In the long run, Xerox Corporation anticipates lowering down its expenditure on goods and services that have been deemed as less productive in the manufacturing and supply chain paradigm (Heinrich, 2005). The integration of SCM and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems alongside with RFID technology is also a vita practice in supply chain management since the latter may not be very fruitful its functionality is supported by other integral systems. Both the SCM and ERP play pertinent roles in shaping a vibrant supply chain. The main reason why the two tools were developed was to standardize and optimize internal SC processes (Attaran, 2007). This standardization mainly targeted the following supply chain domains namely distribution, production, procurement and finance. While the initial generation systems were largely sole-based and lacked a collaborative approach, the modern systems being used in supply chain management are open and component based as we ll as web enabled. As critical example is the application of modern ERP systems together with RFID technologies. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has the potential of ensuring that data is centrally managed while at the same time facilitating the mobility of information from one point to another. This feature has enhanced consistency and visibility of data since it readily provides all information regarding customers, production needs, inventory, purchases as well as sales (Attaran, 2007). Conclusions In summing up, it is imperative to note that the lean paradigm demands the elimination of the unnecessary inputs that may not be directly proportional to the process of production. On the other hand, there is need to maintain a nimble approach to the agile paradigm. This is vital in supply chain management of this nature bearing in mind that the loss in sales can never be recovered. One outstanding difference between the two paradigms is that while level scheduling is more valued in lean supply, the reservation of capacity to be able to deal with unpredictable demand is a functionality of the agile paradigm. On the same note, it is worth to note that most supply chains are cyclic in nature and therefore prompting the concepts of market qualifiers and market winners. The two paradigms, though completely differentiated from each other, cannot be discussed in total isolation since companies which pursue lean approach in their supply chains still struggle to move towards an agile system while those undertaking the latter still require to minimize wastes in order to boost profitability and growth in revenue. Finally, the pursuit towards improving the management of supply chains has witnessed the adoption and implementation of RFID technology in tracking down supplies from the point of production to delivery to customers. Other supportive tools such as the internet, e-commerce, Decision Support Systems (DSS), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Electronic Data Interc hange (EDI) and Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) have been integrated in the contemporary supply chain management. References Attaran, M. 2007. RFID: an enabler of supply chain operations. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 12(4): 249–257. Dell, M. Fedman, C.1999. Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionised an Industry, London: Harper Collins. Heinrich, C.E. 2005. RFID and Beyond. Indianapolis: Wiley Sons. Naylor et al. 1999. Leagility: Integrating the lean and agile manufacturing paradigms in the total supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 62: 107- 118. Appendices An Agile versus lean supply chains for market qualifiers An agile supply chain based on information

The effect of economic crisis to the marketing strategy of Volkswagen Literature review - 3

The effect of economic crisis to the marketing strategy of Volkswagen in Asian market. The case of Vietnam - Literature review Example In addition to that, the report will also provide some recommendation regarding how the company can deal with the issue. According to Dicken (2007), the automobile industry is adjudged to be one of the most globalised industrial sectors in the world. Similarly, in Vietnam automobile sector is a booming. The major automobile companies operating in the market of Vietnam are Daewoo, Daihatsu, Ford/Mazda, Daimler Benz, Hino Motors, Isuzu, Mekong, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Toyota, Truong Hai and Volkswagen (Ohno and Cuong, 2004). These companies manufacture car of different shapes, sizes, designs and categories (Sturgeon, 1998). According to reports, Truong Hai is the market leader in the automobile sector of Vietnam with a market share of 28.9 %. Next to Truong Hai, Toyota holds 27 % of the market share. The report also pointed out that the overall sales of cars in Vietnam fell by 2 % in the year 2011 thereby reflecting a falling demand of vehicles (ResearchAndMarkets, 2012). In addition to this, due to the Thai flooding the manufacturing process had been also disrupted. Apart from the natural calamities, one o f the major reasons of reducing demand of commercial cars in Vietnam is the global economic crisis. As a result, companies are forced to cut down their operating cost and create a balance between the net income and net cost. Similarly, in case of Volkswagen, the demand of their cars in Vietnam has also reduced substantially. Due to the reducing demand for their cars, the company also reduced the costs pertaining to various operations. Moreover, the global economic downturn also had a substantial impact in the marketing strategy of the company (Volkswagen: Annual Report, 2011). Now in order to uncover, how and in what ways the economic downturn has affected the company, a primary research has been carried out. The findings from the study are presented below. The first research question of the study is related to the

Drug abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drug abuse - Research Paper Example This research paper will seek to explore the above three topics in drug abuse so that by the end of the paper, the researcher will provide recommendations on how to reduce drug abuse in the American society. The commonly abused drugs are alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, heroin and tobacco. This research paper will analyze and examine the health effects it has on the user. Further, it will analyze the short term and long term effects of the drugs so as to give a clear understanding on the effects of drug abuse. The paper will also research on the effects of the drugs to the non-abusers. Non-abusers can be the family members of the abuser, the community around or even the whole country. The research paper will create more emphasis in knowing the different causes of drug abuse for different groups of people. After understanding the causes of drug abuse and the effect it has on the society, the paper will also seek to evaluate the effectiveness of the available control measures. A person begins to experience massive deterioration in health with the starting of use of illicit drugs. The different health costs that were incurred in America in the financial year 2007 lists the number of patients who had been admitted to the hospital and the reason or the cause of their admission. It was found out that the subtotaled health cost rounded up to $11,416,232. The detailed description when given was found to be specialty treatment included $3,723,338. The specialty treatments included a huge population undergoing detoxification, residential, outpatient whose primary abused substance is an illicit drug. It was also noted that most of the people who were the patients of drug abuse were found out to be affected by diseases such as HIV, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, poisoning and the likes. The latest census reports that about one million of the people of America are living affected by HIV and AIDS due to drug

Consumer Buying Behavior - Marketing to teenagers Essay Example for Free

Consumer Buying Behavior Marketing to teenagers Essay Topic: Consumer Buying Behavior Marketing to teenagers Article Summary: This article states that although only two percent of teenagers are smokers; fifty percent of tobacco companies marketing monies go to targeting teenagers. The author feels that the big tobacco companies target teenagers to help make up for those who ultimately die from tobacco related illnesses or realize on later in life that they need to stop smoking. It goes on to say that for every one person who dies from tobacco-related causes, two new smokers under the age of twenty-six start the habit. Although the Joe Camel cartoon advertising has since been removed, when that particular character was created the sales of Camel increased thirty-four percent in kids showing that campaign had an impact on who they were targeting and who began to purchase their product. The author goes on to say how impressionable teenagers and children are, as opposed to adults, and how stopping the tobacco use is not easy to do. Once someone starts it is a hard habit to break. Many of those who start smoking at an early age become addicted to the product before they are even of legal age to purchase the product. Even the warnings on the boxes are not enough to keep the young consumers from purchasing the product. Class Application: Cigarette companies need to market to the proper consumer market. A consumer market is purchasers and household members who intend to consume or benefit from the purchased product. By Camel advertising in  magazines, using â€Å"fun† cartoon characters, and also making tobacco use look cool, they are not targeting the proper market. Being sure to market cigarettes to those who are legally allowed to use the product is a must. They can still use a differentiated targeting strategy and market to those in different demographics, but they need to be sure to leave out those who are not legal to use the product. Cigarette companies should be using demographic segmentation variables to come up with ad campaigns geared towards the proper segments. With cigarettes, the companies have to focus on age since there is a legal age for smoking. Also, since cigarettes have been proven to be unhealthy and cause of cancer, among other things, they are not something that sho uld be advertised to children or teenagers; no matter what.

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Gregory Goodwin Pincus created the birth control pill stimulating a new tidal wave of women's rights movements. From one small pill, new channels that had been dammed down to a trickle became a mighty flood again. With the ability to prevent pregnancy without risking a dangerous abortion women found the strength to fight against male-dominated areas that were still left untouched from the first series of movements by their predecessors. From how long they stayed in the workforce to the freedom of their sexuality to changing laws and stepping up for their rights, women came alive again with renewed ferocity. Women and the workforce met in few places, for only brief time and very rarely in the general public eye. If seen in the public eye they were with their male counterpart, their husbands or fathers. In the 1960s because it was legal and acceptable within society, companies openly discriminated against women based on their sex. â€Å"In 1961 there were 454 federal civil-service-job categories for college graduates, and more than 200 of them were restricted to male candidates† (Collin 7). Women were not doctors, if they were so inclined even after counseling they were advised and directed to towards taking a position as pediatrician. They were not lawyers and even those that were legally lawyers infrequently practiced because of the extreme lack of hiring firms, instead they would become clerks and secretaries. Their jobs only consisted of labor, only if a farmer's wife or daughter (Collin 6) or when the country was at war and all the men were unavailable and not wanting for the position. â€Å"There was, for all practical purposes, a national consensus that women could not be airplane pilots, firefights, television news anchors, c... ...950s† (17). Women, especially single women, found uncharted freedom of being able to find pleasure in their sexual activity that twenty, even five years ago would have been thought of as absurd and unlikely (MacLean 17). In 1966, the National Organization for Women (NOW) a civil rights group for women formed (MacLean 14) started with just one thousand members but its size grew to an incredible four hundred thousand by 1974 (MacLean 16). NOW originally was mainly focused on equal opportunity for women in the workplace but they also fought for â€Å"maternity leave and child care; equal education; a woman's rights to control her own fertility; and passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)...† MacLean 16). A new generation of activists was born and much like the women before them they began to realize the the abundance of â€Å"'sexism' (a word they coined)'† (MacLean 16).

Unleashing India’s Innovation and Entrepreneurship Potential

Unleashing India’s Innovation and Entrepreneurship Potential India has been one of the best performers in the world economy in recent years. Indian economy has been one of the stars of global economics growing 9. 6% in 2006 and 9. 2% in 2007. Growth had been supported by market reforms, capital inflows of FDI, rising foreign exchange reserves, both an IT and real estate boom, and a flourishing capital market. Like rest of the world, however, India is also facing testing economic times (economic recessesion) with inflation running at 11%, the highest level seen in a decade . The Indian stock market has fallen more than 40% in six months from its January 2008 high. $6 billion of foreign funds have flowed out of the country in that period, reacting both to slowdown in economic growth and perceptions that the market was over-valued. It’s high time we recognize the growing significance and visible impact of Entrepreneurship and innovation on wealth-creation and employment-generation in India. INNOVATON: Innovation is a process to achieve measurable value enhancement in any commercial activity, through introduction of new or improved goods, services, operational and organizational processes. It is a significant factor in fostering competitiveness, improvement in market share and quality. It reduces costs . Innovation is a key driver of economic growth. It is both creation, commercialization of new knowledge and diffusion and absorption of existing knowledge in new locations. Growth, accompanied by innovations, has been associated with rising living standards and a reduced number of poor people. India is increasingly becoming a top global innovator for high-tech products and services. Still, the country is under performing compared to its innovation potential which has direct implications for long-term industrial competitiveness and economic growth. About 90 % of Indian workforce is employed in the informal sector. This sector is often characterized by underemployment, low-productivity and low-skill activities. Although India has the benefit of a dynamic young population , with more than half of the country’s population under 25 years old, only 17 percent of people in their id-20s and older have a secondary education. To uphold rapid growth and help alleviate poverty, India needs to aggressively exploit its innovation potential, relying on innovation-led, rapid and inclusive growth to achieve economic & social transformation . According to one of the findings the output of economy could increase more than five folds if each enterprise could absorb knowledge existing in India and achieve the level of productivity of top enterprises in their sector. By applying knowledge in new ways to production processes, better and new products can be produced with the same or fewer inputs to meet the needs of all sections of Indian society. The very popular â€Å"Dabbawala† system is an innovative business process which allows 4,500–5,000 semiliterate Dabbawalas to deliver almost 200,000 lunches to workers every day in Mumbai. The Dabbawalas reportedly make one mistake per 6 million deliveries. So remarkable is this delivery network that international business schools have studied the work flows of the Dabbawala system to understand the key to its stellar performance rating. To unleash its innovation potential, India needs to develop following strategies: > > Increasing level of competition to improve the investment climate, supported by stronger skills, better information infrastructure and more public and private finance. Recommended actions to raise competition include removing regulations which are not essential and applying essential ones more transparently in product, land, labor, capital, and infrastructure services markets—for example, easing limits on small industries, restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) etc. Limited skills and training are a major bottleneck. Only 16 percent of Indian manufacturing firms offer in-service training, compared with 92 percent in China . The Indian firms that provide in-service training are 23–28 percent more productive than those that do not. This bottleneck could be overcome (i) by providing public matching funds for firms to invest in training and (ii) increasing the fiscal and managerial autonomy of universities and colleges, and increasing private participation in higher education. Better information flows are needed: high-speed national research and education networks accelerate the pace of new discoveries and the expansion of knowledge. Information-related actions could include expediting the allocation of radio and wireless broadband spectrums, increasing targeted subsidies for rolling out rural mobile and broadband, and agreeing on an organizational structure to deploy and manage a national research and education network. gt;> India can benefi t from supporting efforts to create and commercialize knowledge, help in diffusing existing global and local knowledge and by increasing the capacity of smaller enterprises to engross it. Private enterprises need to increase R&D spending. Between 1998 and 2003, multinational corporations spent $1. 3 billion on R&D in India—showing that its valuable assets could be exploited more effectively. Measures to spur private R&D could include consolidating and expanding early-stage technology development programs as well as developing a policy and action plan to use public procurement to promote innovation. New domestic knowledge needs to be converted to commercial use. Of the top50 applicants for patents in India between 1995 and 2005, 44 were foreign firms. Only six were Indian. Actions to promote commercialization and strengthen links among industry, universities and public laboratories could include providing support to technology transfer offices, creating a patent management corporation, developing technology parks and incubators and improving India’s regime for intellectual property rights. India should also consider enhancing support for higher-risk technology R&D and commercialization by strengthening its New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative and by opening the program to international collaboration and giving grants to both research institutions and private enterprises, with sharing of any resulting royalties. The Diaspora needs to be tapped more effectively. About 20 million people i. e. 2 percent India’s population earn the equivalent of two-third of India’s GDP. Steps to tap more efficiently tap India’s overseas talent could include supporting a larger Diaspora network, building on existing groups that aggregate this population’s (NRIs’) talent and capital for use in India. >> India would benefit from fostering more inclusive innovation—by promoting more formal R&D efforts for poor people and more creative proletariat efforts by them, by improving the ability of informal enterprises to exploit existing knowledge. Inclusive innovation can play a critical role in lowering the costs of goods and services and in creating income-earning opportunities for poor people. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research has developed technology applications for rural India, university and formal private initiatives e. g. e-Choupal. To leverage traditional knowledge into revenue, a policy-oriented intellectual property rights think tank could propose how to implement a cheaper intellectual property regime. Finally, successful technology upgrading programs could be extended to help informal and rural enterprises make better use of existing knowledge. ENTREPRENEURSHIP: Entrepreneurship represents a mindset. It is the skill of finding creative, innovative and profitable solutions to problems and to be paradigm pliant. An entrepreneur is someone who assumes the financial risk of the initiation, operation and management of a business. They aren't generally high-risk takers when they can't affect the outcome of the situation. They tend to set realistic and achievable goals, and when they do take risks, they're usually calculated ones based on facts and experience, rather than instincts. Entrepreneurs are participants not observers, players not fans. And to be an entrepreneur is to be an optimist, to believe that with the right amount of time and resources, you can do anything. Why is the US more prosperous than India? Is it because we Indians are less smart than Americans? No, Indians are universally known for their intelligence. Is it because they have greater resources? No, India is as much if not more rich in natural resources. Then, why is the US more prosperous than India? The US is more prosperous simply because they have more entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs have a big role to play in driving India’s growth. With a slower economy, it is vital that government; academic world and regulatory bodies create a favourable environment for entrepreneurs to flourish. Entrepreneurship is a critical element of a growth economy and India is poised to unlock a Silicon Valley like entrepreneurial boom through the next 10 years. If India needs to eradicate poverty, we have to grow. To grow, we have to employ the unemployed. NASSCOM and CII have estimated that if India wants to be a developed country by 2020, it needs to create 10 million jobs. The million-dollar question is how these jobs are going to be created. Neither the Army nor the police force can soak up such a large number, nor can the Railways or the government. They can only be engrossed by the private sector. The industrial set-up is expanding, but not at the rate that can employ such large numbers. Is there any solution to this grave problem? Fortunately, YES, the answer is entrepreneurship. As per TiE (The IndUS Entrepreneurs- a non-profit organization, promoting entrepreneurship) each entrepreneur creates 30 jobs. An entrepreneur creates jobs, setting stage for a flourishing economy. Over 30% of Microsoft employees are Indians. The NASA relies on Indian brains for its various missions. IIT graduates are considered the worlds brightest. Why do these people flock to the US, simply because the US has more opportunities? What can we do to stop this self-ruining brain drain? The answer lies in promoting entrepreneurship. The beginnings are already in place, steps have been taken in the right direction. There is an overall shortage of start-up entrepreneurs in India compared to the rest of the world. One of the most significant deficiencies an Indian entrepreneur may face revolves around capital. Although there is ample willingness to invest capital in a well-established enterprise, there is little willingness to fund start-ups. The quality and quantity of venture capital in India is low. The benefits of entrepreneurship to the society and the economy as a whole are enormous. Entrepreneurship helps in avoidance of monopolies and cartels and help in checking large corporations and MNCs. Entrepreneurs realize the tremendous demand for goods abroad and help to market the surplus. This will make the Indian market export competitive and at the same time, the MADE IN INIDIA brand more acceptable. The surplus footstock which would have been otherwise rotting in the government storehouse, can be exported, thus earning foreign exchange. The government gets rid of the excess stock while the exporter earns revenue, leading to a win-win situation. An important factor influencing FDI, from developed nations to developing nations is the concentration of entrepreneurship. FDI is directly proportional to entrepreneurship. The highest contributor of FDI is the US. The US readily welcomes Indian exports and also lists Indian companies on American exchanges. No wonder NASDAQ rocks on the beats of Infosys Chairman, NR Narayan Murthy. So, the message is clear; we need more entrepreneurs. It is high time, the government realizes that only and only ntrepreneurship can help it grow at the high rate and rethinks its policies. To unleash its entrepreneurship potential, India needs to develop the following strategies Nurture early stage entrepreneurial ventures based on technology and innovation. Create physical infrastructure and support systems necessary for business incubation activities. Facilitate networking with professional resources that include mentors, experts, consultants and advisors for the incubated companies. Identify technologies/ innovations which have potential for commercial ventures. Promote and foster the spirit of entrepreneurship. Carry out activities that facilitate knowledge creation, innovation and entrepreneurship activities.